How many criteria must be met in a 12-month period for a diagnosis of drug dependence or abuse?

For a diagnosis of drug dependence or abuse, a minimum of two criteria must be met within a 12-month period. This is based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The two criteria threshold reflects a pattern of behavior that indicates a significant level of impairment or distress related to substance use.

This two or more criteria standard helps differentiate between casual use and a substance use disorder, ensuring that a diagnosis captures individuals who exhibit problematic use patterns without overdiagnosing those who may simply use substances without significant consequences. Therefore, meeting two or more specific criteria—such as tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, unsuccessful efforts to cut down, or continued use despite problems—provides a clearer picture of an individual's relationship with the substance and its impact on their life.