If a scaphoid fracture is left untreated, what complication may occur?

A scaphoid fracture, particularly when it is not properly treated, poses a significant risk of avascular necrosis. This complication arises because the scaphoid bone is primarily supplied by blood vessels that enter from one end of the bone. If a fracture occurs, particularly at the proximal pole, the blood supply can be disrupted, which can lead to impaired nutrition and oxygen delivery to the bone tissue. If the bone doesn't receive adequate blood flow, it can begin to necrose or die, resulting in avascular necrosis.

This condition can lead to chronic pain, loss of function, and may ultimately require surgical intervention to manage the damaged bone or compensate for the loss of function in the wrist. Specifically for scaphoid fractures, timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent this severe complication.

While non-union is also a potential outcome of untreated scaphoid fractures, it is the risk of avascular necrosis that is particularly notable and concerning, as it can significantly impact the long-term function of the wrist. Other options like rheumatoid arthritis and fracture-dislocation are not direct complications related to untreated scaphoid fractures.