What are the structural causes of abnormal uterine bleeding according to the PALM-COEIN classification?

The PALM-COEIN classification is a system used to categorize causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in women. Within this framework, "structural" causes specifically refer to identifiable anatomical issues that can lead to bleeding.

In this system, polyps (which are abnormal growths in the endometrial lining) are classified as a structural cause because they can be removed and may resolve the bleeding when treated properly. Polyps can vary in size and may cause irregular bleeding, heavy menstrual periods, or spotting between periods. Identifying and addressing polyps is essential for managing abnormal uterine bleeding.

The other categories mentioned, such as coagulopathy, endometrial disorders, and iatrogenic causes, fall under non-structural causes. Coagulopathy pertains to blood clotting disorders that can lead to bleeding, while endometrial disorders typically include conditions affecting the lining of the uterus that do not involve specific structural abnormalities. Iatrogenic causes are related to medical interventions or treatments that might result in bleeding. Thus, the correct choice focuses on the anatomical presence of polyps, emphasizing their role as a recognized structural cause of abnormal uterine bleeding within the PALM-COEIN classification.