What are the two types of distal radial fractures?

The two primary types of distal radial fractures are Colles' fracture and Smith's fracture. A Colles' fracture typically occurs when a person falls onto an outstretched wrist, leading to a break in the distal radius that is characterized by a dorsal angulation and often involves a fracture of the distal fragment. This fracture is commonly seen in older adults, especially post-menopausal women, due to osteoporosis.

In contrast, a Smith's fracture involves a fracture of the distal radius with volar angulation of the fragment. This type of fracture might occur from falling onto a flexed wrist or from direct trauma where the wrist is in a different position than during a Colles' fracture. Recognizing these two types of fractures is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment, as their management may differ due to the orientation of the fracture fragments and associated injuries.

The other options listed relate to different fractures which do not classify as distal radial fractures. For example, an olecranon fracture occurs at the elbow, while humeral head and intercondylar fractures involve the humerus, not the distal radius. Therefore, the focus on Colles' and Smith's fractures as distinct types of distal radial fractures is crucial for understanding the mechanics and treatment of wrist injuries