What is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis in immunocompromised patients?

The most common cause of infectious esophagitis in immunocompromised patients is Candida. This fungal infection is particularly prevalent among individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Candida esophagitis is characterized by the presence of white patches or plaques on the esophageal mucosa, which can lead to difficulty swallowing and chest pain.

In immunocompromised individuals, the normal barrier provided by the immune system is disrupted, allowing opportunistic infections like Candida to thrive. While other infectious agents such as CMV and HSV can also cause esophagitis, Candida is the most frequently encountered pathogen in this population due to its ubiquitous nature and ability to colonize mucosal surfaces when the immune response is compromised.

Understanding the prevalence of Candida in this context helps healthcare providers promptly diagnose and treat the underlying infectious esophagitis in immunocompromised patients, thereby reducing complications and improving outcomes.