What is the treatment for a small bowel obstruction?

In the case of a small bowel obstruction, the treatment approach generally begins with supportive management prior to considering surgical intervention, especially if the obstruction is not complicated by ischemia, perforation, or significant symptoms. Administering intravenous fluids is crucial for rehydration and maintaining electrolyte balance, as patients may present with signs of dehydration due to vomiting and inability to take in oral fluids.

Nasogastric (NG) suction plays a significant role in decompressing the bowel, alleviating symptoms such as abdominal distention and discomfort. NG suction helps remove accumulated gas and fluid from the stomach and small intestine, which can relieve pressure and allow for reestablishment of normal bowel function. In many cases of small bowel obstruction, especially those that are partial and not caused by a fixed lesion, bowel rest and supportive care can result in resolution without the need for surgical intervention.

Choosing supportive management while closely monitoring the patient can serve as an effective strategy, potentially avoiding an unnecessary surgical procedure and allowing for conservative treatment of the obstruction, depending on its cause and severity. Surgical options are typically reserved for cases where there is no improvement with conservative measures or if complications arise. Thus, initiating treatment with IV fluids and NG suction is a standard and appropriate management approach in many