When should intimate partner violence (IPV) screening be suggested?

Intimate partner violence (IPV) screening should be suggested during initial visits and during pregnancy because these time frames present critical opportunities for intervention. Initial visits allow healthcare providers to establish a rapport with patients, assess their safety, and screen for IPV in a private and supportive environment. Early identification is crucial since victims may not disclose abuse in subsequent consultations, particularly if they feel their safety or well-being is at risk when discussing such sensitive topics.

During pregnancy, the risk for IPV can increase due to stress and potential changes in dynamics between partners, making it imperative for healthcare providers to inquire about violence. Research suggests that women are at a heightened risk of violence during pregnancy, and addressing IPV at this vulnerable time can lead to better health outcomes for both the mother and the child.

The other contexts listed do not prioritize the importance of timely and proactive screening. Annual wellness visits may not always directly address IPV unless it is specifically included as part of the routine evaluation. Screening solely based on a history of substance abuse overlooks the broader scope of potential IPV experiences and does not take into account the many individuals who may not have such a background yet still face violence. Lastly, only screening when physical signs of abuse are present misses the opportunity for early intervention, as many victims may not