Which condition can lead to secondary hypertension due to renal artery stenosis?

Renal artery stenosis can lead to secondary hypertension through various physiological pathways, particularly affecting renal function and the regulation of blood pressure. In the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the kidneys are already compromised, which can exacerbate issues related to blood flow and filtration.

When the renal arteries are narrowed, the kidney perceives this as a reduction in perfusion pressure. In response, it activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), leading to increased levels of angiotensin II. This hormone causes vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone secretion, which promotes sodium and water retention. Both responses contribute to increased blood pressure, culminating in hypertension.

Chronic kidney disease often coincides with renal artery stenosis, as underlying conditions that cause CKD, such as diabetes and hypertension, can also lead to vascular damage and narrowing of the renal arteries. Hence, CKD is directly related to the mechanisms of secondary hypertension mediated by renal artery stenosis.

The other conditions listed do not have the same direct effect on the renal arteries leading to secondary hypertension through similar mechanisms.