Which symptoms are characteristic of acute hypoglycemia?

Acute hypoglycemia is characterized by a range of symptoms, particularly those associated with the autonomic nervous system. The correct answer highlights autonomic symptoms such as sweating and palpitations, which are common physiological responses initiated by the body when blood glucose levels drop too low. During hypoglycemia, the body releases catecholamines (such as adrenaline), which lead to these symptoms as a compensatory mechanism to raise blood sugar levels.

Understanding the autonomic response is crucial in recognizing and managing hypoglycemia effectively. Patients may also experience additional symptoms like tremors, anxiety, and a feeling of impending doom due to these hormonal changes.

Other choices, while they may involve discomfort or distress, do not accurately represent the hallmark symptoms of acute hypoglycemia. For instance, persistent vomiting and abdominal pain are more typical of gastrointestinal issues rather than a direct consequence of low blood sugar levels. Visual disturbances can occur in severe hypoglycemia but are less specific. Cold extremities and hypertension are not characteristic of hypoglycemia; in fact, hypoglycemia usually presents with increased heart rate and potentially low blood pressure, not hypertension. Recognizing the key symptoms of hypoglycemia is essential for prompt treatment and preventing complications.