Which type of medication is commonly used for abortive treatment of migraines?

The type of medication commonly used for abortive treatment of migraines is triptans and ergotamines. These medications are specifically designed to provide relief during an active migraine attack by targeting the underlying mechanisms responsible for the headache.

Triptans, such as sumatriptan and rizatriptan, work by stimulating serotonin receptors in the brain, which leads to vasoconstriction of dilated blood vessels in the brain that contribute to migraine pain. They also help inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and alleviate migraine symptoms effectively.

Ergotamines, like ergotamine tartrate, operate in a similar fashion, although they are less commonly utilized due to the side effects associated with their use compared to triptans. Both classes of medications are considered first-line therapies for abortive treatment due to their efficacy in rapidly alleviating migraine symptoms.

Although beta-blockers and antidepressants can be effective in the prophylactic treatment of migraines, they are not used for abortive treatment at the time of an attack. Pain relievers could provide some relief but are not as targeted or effective as triptans and ergotamines for acute migraine management.